The Secret Diary of The Beautiful Mind

  5 subtypes of patients having alcohol addiction: Young Adult Subtype - 31.5%, largest group. Have lower comobidity and family history. Binge pattern of drinking observed, less help seeking behaviour. Functional Subtype - 19.5%. More likely to hold jobs and relationships. Depression, cigarette smoking common. Highest education, income amongst patients having alcohol concerns. Intermediate Familial Subtype - 18.8% - high rates of family history of substance use and also of psychological issues and other substance use. Hold on to jobs but less help seeking behaviour. Young Antisocial Subtype - 21%. Almost half of them have antisocial personality disorder, along with other psychological issues. High rates of other substance use disorder. Lowest levels of education, employment, and income, but highest help seeking behaviour. Chronic Severe Subtype - 9.2%. 70% have family history of substance use, high antisocial personality diagnosis and other psychological and substance use concerns. Aff

  With a person dying every 30 seconds from a hepatitis related illness – we can’t wait to act on viral hepatitis. People living with viral hepatitis unaware can’t wait for testing. People living with hepatitis can’t wait for life saving treatments. Expectant mothers can’t wait for hepatitis screening and treatment. Newborn babies can’t wait for birth dose vaccination. People affected by hepatitis can’t wait to end stigma and discrimination. Community organisations can’t wait for greater investment. Decision makers can’t wait and must act now to make hepatitis elimination a reality through political will and funding. I can’t wait ‘I can’t wait’ is the new campaign theme to launch World Hepatitis Day 2022. It will highlight the need to accelerate the fight against viral hepatitis and the importance of testing and treatment for the real people who need it. The campaign will amplify the voices of people affected by viral hepatitis calling for immediate action and the end of stigma and dis

  The last 2 diagnostic criteria that we will look at while making a diagnosis of dependence is salience and harmful use. Salience means importance. Progressive neglect of alternative pleasures or interests because of psychoactive substance use, increased amount of time necessary to obtain or take the substance or to recover from its effects; Harmful use: Persisting with substance use despite clear evidence of overtly harmful consequences, such as harm to the liver through excessive drinking, depressive mood states consequent to heavy substance use, or substance-related impairment of cognitive functioning. Efforts should be made to determine that the user was actually, or could be expected to be, aware of the nature and extent of the harm. Any 3 of the 6 criteria, if present in the last 12 months indicates presence of dependence, a condition that requires medical attention to deal with.

  Addictions are characterised by dependence on substance or activity. There are certain features that indicate dependence, 2 which we saw last time - craving and difficulty controlling use. We will have a look at 2 more this time and the last two - salience and harmful use next time. Withdrawal features - A physiological withdrawal state if substance use is stopped or even reduced, as evidenced by: the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance; or use of the same (or a closely related) substance with the intention of relieving or avoiding withdrawal symptoms; This is one of the main reason why people using substance are unable to move beyond it, despite its adverse impact on physical and mental health, on relationships and professionally as well. The discomfort felt and the knowledge that substance will relieve it, creates a viscious cycle that spirals in the downward direction. Tolerance - This reflects that body is getting used to the substance being consumed. Here, incre

  Labeling all people using substance as addicts can be counter productive, as it takes the attention away from those who need help the most. Addiction is a chronic condition that is difficult to diagnose and treat. While the signs can be clear, diagnosis first relies on the person with an addiction or people close to them acknowledging and wanting to address the problem. The first step in diagnosis relies on a friend, family member, or the person with addiction themselves acknowledging a need for treatment. This can often be the most difficult step and might sometimes involve a personal or group intervention if an individual with substance use disorder is not aware of the extent of the problem. So to make this process objective, criterias are set to help diagnosing substance dependance or addiction. Any 3 of the 6 criterias set out, if present over the last one year, helps confirm the diagnosis. We will begin by looking at 2 of these initially. a. A strong desire or sense of compulsio

  Effects on children - Witnessing the trauma of a parent suffering from addiction at a young age has long-term effects on the child. Children who grow up seeing a parent addicted to drugs or alcohol are more likely to develop SUDs in their adulthood. They are also 3 times more likely to be neglected or physically and/or sexually abused. Seeing a parent on drugs often invokes distressing emotions which not only create delays in learning and development but can also lead to prolonged mental and emotional disorders. Since children are still developing their personalities and are vulnerable to external influences, they run the risk of repeating such behaviors. Children may be exposed to aggression or violent behavior due to a parent’s drinking. Arguments between parents may be normal, causing the child emotional distress as they witness family members fighting. Early exposure to a home divided by drug use can cause a child to feel emotionally and physically neglected and unsafe. As a res

Chronic use or exposure to substance of abuse causes brain changes including alterations in cortical (pre-frontal cortex) and sub-cortical (limbic system) regions involving the neuro-circuitry of reward, motivation, memory, impulse control and judgment. This can lead to dramatic increases in cravings for a drug or activity, as well as impairments in the ability to successfully regulate this impulse, despite the knowledge and experience of many consequences related to the addictive behavior. Heavy drinkers or those who use illegal drugs were more likely than others to think about, plan, or commit suicide. People who abuse drugs or have an alcohol addiction are up to 14 times more likely to die by suicide than others. More than 90% of people who fall victim to suicide suffer from depression, have a substance use disorder (SUD), or both. Substance abuse and addiction increases the severity and duration of depressive episodes, despite any temporary relief they may provide, actually greatly